A cost-effective and open-source near-field electrospinning system with a graphical user interface

1. Motion—Motion accuracy: not reported
2. Volume15 %Volumetric accuracy: reported
3. Viability—Cell viability: not reported
4. Unattended—Unattended operation: not reported
5. Standard—Standard compliance: not reported

• Volumetric accuracy15 %

  This balance allows the filament to solidify before lateral instabilities develop, resulting in thin, straight, and highly uniform fibers with a coefficient of variation around 15 % (Table 9)—ideal for biosensing applications requiring high

Each score is shown against the range the other 59 builds actually occupy, because no criterion uses the full 1–5 scale. These describe how reproducible the build is, not how good the science is.

• Resolution

  5/1–5

  Minimum 5 µm fiber diameter

• Throughput

  3/2–5

  Moderate scalability via modularity, batching, or partial automation.

• Parts sourcing

  4/2–4

  Mostly off-the-shelf or kit-based components.

• Skill needed

  4/2–4

  Build/operation described as low-skill or basic assembly.

• Facilities needed

  4/2–4

  Uses common benchtop/desktop equipment or generic consumables.

• Documentation

  4/2–5

  Open resources include several build or operation artifacts.

• Validation effort

  4/2–4

  Validation includes standards, benchmarking, replicates, or multi-condition tests.

• Cycle time

  4/1–4

  Speed evidence suggests rapid, real-time, or automated operation.