Bioprinting · Extrusion · 2025 · Science Advances
3D bioprinting of collagen-based high-resolution internally perfusable scaffolds for engineering fully biologic tissue systems
Organ-on-a-chip and microfluidic systems have improved the translational relevance of in vitro systems; however, current manufacturing approaches impart limitations on materials selection, non-native mechanical properties, geometric complexity, and cell-driven remodeling into functional tissues. Here, we three-dimensionally (3D) bioprint extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells into collagen-based high-resolution internally perfusable scaffolds (CHIPS) that integrate with a vascular and perfusion organ-on-a-chip reactor (VAPOR) to form a complete tissue engineering platform.
Performance the paper reports
1 of 5- Motion100 mmMotion accuracy: reported
- Volume—Volumetric accuracy: not reported
- Viability—Cell viability: not reported
- Unattended—Unattended operation: not reported
- Standard—Standard compliance: not reported
- Motion / positional accuracy100 mm
Single- material printing used a custom gantry 3D printer configuration driven by four Parker Hannifin 404 × R 100 mm travel precision stages (8- µm travel accuracy) as previously described (64).
How hard this is to adopt
3.3 of 5, higher is easierEach score is shown against the range the other 59 builds actually occupy, because no criterion uses the full 1–5 scale. These describe how reproducible the build is, not how good the science is.
Resolution
3/1–5Smallest feature/positioning evidence about 100 µm.
Throughput
3/2–5Moderate scalability via modularity, batching, or partial automation.
Parts sourcing
3/2–4Mix of common parts and custom/printed components.
Skill needed
2/2–4Multiple advanced technical skills appear required.
Facilities needed
3/2–4Requires accessible but nontrivial lab/maker equipment.
Documentation
4/2–5Open resources include several build or operation artifacts.
Validation effort
4/2–4Validation includes standards, benchmarking, replicates, or multi-condition tests.
Cycle time
4/1–4Speed evidence suggests rapid, real-time, or automated operation.
2 further criteria are recorded but not shown
- Application Level — scored 4 (75% of records share one value), so it cannot separate one build from another.
- Build Time (scored for only 6 of 60 records), so it cannot separate one build from another.
Both remain in the published dataset.
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Publication data
Matched by doi · retrieved 2026-07-21
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip and microfluidic systems have improved the translational relevance of in vitro systems; however, current manufacturing approaches impart limitations on materials selection, non-native mechanical properties, geometric complexity, and cell-driven remodeling into functional tissues. Here, we three-dimensionally (3D) bioprint extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells into collagen-based high-resolution internally perfusable scaffolds (CHIPS) that integrate with a vascular and perfusion organ-on-a-chip reactor (VAPOR) to form a complete tissue engineering platform. We improve the fidelity of freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) bioprinting to produce a range of CHIPS designs fabricated in a one-step process. CHIPS exhibit size-dependent permeability of perfused molecules into the surrounding scaffold to support cell viability and migration. Lastly, we implemented multi-material bioprinting to control 3D spatial patterning, ECM composition, cellularization, and material properties to create a glucose-responsive, insulin-secreting pancreatic-like CHIPS with vascular endothelial cadherin + vascular-like networks. Together, CHIPS and VAPOR form a platform technology toward engineering full organ-scale function for disease modeling and cell replacement therapy.
Bibliographic details
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Topics and keywords
Perspective and practical signals
Why it matters
Likely the key Replistruder-associated publication; we should extract the repo link from full text.
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