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Bioreactors & Cell Culture · Bioprinting · 2024 · Annals of Biomedical Engineering

The ‘bIUreactor’: an open-source 3D tissue research platform

We developed the open-source bIUreactor research platform for studying 3D structured tissues. The versatile and modular platform allows a researcher to generate 3D tissues, culture them with oxygenated perfusion, and provide cyclic loading, all in their own lab (in laboratorium) for an all in cost of $8,000 including 3D printer, printing resin, and electronics.

Performance the paper reports

2 of 5
  1. Motion—Motion accuracy: not reported
  2. Volume—Volumetric accuracy: not reported
  3. Viabilitycomparable to control (no figure)Cell viability: reported
  4. Unattended—Unattended operation: not reported
  5. StandardISO 13485Standard compliance: reported
  • Cell viabilitycomparable to control (no figure)
    [curated] "Cell viability, assessed by CellTiter-Blue and LIVE/DEAD tests, resulted comparable with the control"; the paper gives no percentage. The extractor had taken "10% v/v Fetal Bovine Serum".
  • Reported against a written standardISO 13485
    (Supplement 5) Class VI biomaterial manufactured in ISO 13485 facilities 13.

How hard this is to adopt

3.4 of 5, higher is easier

Each score is shown against the range the other 59 builds actually occupy, because no criterion uses the full 1–5 scale. These describe how reproducible the build is, not how good the science is.

  • Resolution

    2/1–5

    Coarse peristaltic control demonstrated only at 10 mL/min; Doppler could not resolve 1 mL/min from zero flow; no pulsation or flow-accuracy data.

  • Throughput

    3/2–5

    Four pump heads run 5-day continuous perfusion but are all driven by one shared stepper motor, so not independently controlled; media exchange remains manual.

  • Parts sourcing

    4/2–4

    Mostly off-the-shelf or kit-based components.

  • Skill needed

    4/2–4

    Build/operation described as low-skill or basic assembly.

  • Facilities needed

    4/2–4

    Uses common benchtop/desktop equipment or generic consumables.

  • Documentation

    4/2–5

    Open resources include several build or operation artifacts.

  • Validation effort

    3/2–4

    Five-day run holding 10 mL/min and 50 +/- 0.47 rpm with thermal/wear tracking, Doppler at 0/1/5/10 mL/min and a calibration supplement, but no commercial-pump benchmark.

  • Cycle time

    3/1–4

    No timing comparison reported; priming and perfusion times are never contrasted with commercial pumps or manual media handling.

2 further criteria are recorded but not shown
  • Application Level — scored 4 (75% of records share one value), so it cannot separate one build from another.
  • Build Time (scored for only 6 of 60 records), so it cannot separate one build from another.

Both remain in the published dataset.

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Publication data

Matched by doi · retrieved 2026-07-21

Abstract

We developed the open-source bIUreactor research platform for studying 3D structured tissues. The versatile and modular platform allows a researcher to generate 3D tissues, culture them with oxygenated perfusion, and provide cyclic loading, all in their own lab (in laboratorium) for an all in cost of $8,000 including 3D printer, printing resin, and electronics. We achieved this by applying a design philosophy that leverages 3D printing, open-source software and hardware, and practical techniques to produce the following: 1. perfusible 3D tissues, 2. a bioreactor chamber for tissue culture, 3. a module for applying cyclic compression, 4. a peristaltic pump for providing oxygenated perfusion to 3D tissues, 5. motor control units, and 6. open-source code for running the control units. By making it widely available for researchers to investigate 3D tissue models and easy for them to use, we intend for the bIUreactor to democratize 3D tissue research, therefore increasing the pace and scale of biomedical research discoveries using 3D tissue models.

Bibliographic details

Published
2024-03-26
Journal/source
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI
10.1007/s10439-024-03481-5
Type
journal-article
Language
en
Volume / issue
52 / 6
Pages
1678-1692
ISSN
0090-6964, 1573-9686

Access and metrics

Open access
Yes
OA status
hybrid
License
cc-by
Version
publishedVersion
Cited by
4
References
27
Retracted
No

Authors and affiliations

  1. Elizabeth R. ButchIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  2. Matthew PrideauxIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  3. Mark R. HollandIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  4. Justin-Thuy PhanIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  5. Cole TrentIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  6. V.C. SoonIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  7. Gary D. HutchinsIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
  8. Lester J. SmithCorresponding authorIndiana University School of Medicine · Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis

Topics and keywords

3D Printing in Biomedical ResearchAdditive Manufacturing and 3D Printing TechnologiesAnatomy and Medical Technology3D printingModular designComputer scienceOpen source3d printerOpen source hardwareSoftware3d printedComputer hardwareSource codePeristaltic pumpBiomedical engineering
Perspective and practical signals

Why it matters

May be useful adjacent open tooling for 3D tissue workflows; include or exclude based on strictness.

Limitations

No limitation note curated yet.