Open-source personal pipetting robots with live-cell incubation and microscopy compatibility

1. Motion0.1 mmMotion accuracy: reported
2. Volume1µlVolumetric accuracy: reported
3. Viability—Cell viability: not reported
4. Unattended—Unattended operation: not reported
5. Standard—Standard compliance: not reported

• Motion / positional accuracy0.1 mm

  [curated metric] ~0.1 mm pipette positioning accuracy above well bottom (96-well plate, validated via fluorescence imaging)

• Volumetric accuracy1µl

  Having confirmed pipetting accuracy and reprodu- approximately 1µl.

Each score is shown against the range the other 59 builds actually occupy, because no criterion uses the full 1–5 scale. These describe how reproducible the build is, not how good the science is.

• Resolution

  3/1–5

  Peristaltic pumps with a 0.4 uL/step theoretical limit but +/-2 uL error at any target (10 uL gave 7-11 uL), reliable from ~25 uL, with flow controlled 2-100 uL/s.

• Throughput

  5/2–5

  One to ten independently pumped pipet channels each with its own reservoir, contamination characterised up to 10 pipets, parallel distinct programs per well and 48 h unattended operation.

• Parts sourcing

  4/2–4

  Mostly off-the-shelf or kit-based components.

• Skill needed

  4/2–4

  Build/operation described as low-skill or basic assembly.

• Facilities needed

  3/2–4

  Requires accessible but nontrivial lab/maker equipment.

• Documentation

  4/2–5

  Open resources include several build or operation artifacts.

• Validation effort

  4/2–4

  Volumes 10-1000 uL, flow 10-100 uL/s, carryover with 0/1/4/8 washes, 48 h drift within +/-1%, benchmarked against manual pipetting (12.6% versus 3.6% cell loss); no clogging or pulsation data.

• Cycle time

  3/1–4

  Only a speed-matched comparison (manual 100 uL wash in 10 s equals automated 10 uL/s); 2-40 s per well and 4-13 min per plate given with no manual throughput benchmark.